Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted viral infection that affects more than 50% sexually active individuals. America has about 7,000 cases, and this is expected to double in 5-10 years. HPV is mostly associated with cervical cancer and rarely associated with other cancer types. There are about 15 types of HPV that have the highest level of carcinogenic influence including HPV 16, 18, 31 and 45. Although it is considered a sexually transmitted infection, there are studies showing the connection between HPV and throat cancer. Several studies have revealed a relationship between oral sex and HPVpositive throat cancers. Moreover, there is evident connection between tonsil cancer and adjustment to tobacco smoking and substance abuse. The RNA scope is a test method used to identify and confirm the diagnosis of HPV 16. This will help in choosing patients for clinical trials with the aim of developing new medicines. This review seeks to explain the relationship between past infections of the chronic inflammatory disease in the oral cavity and the likelihood of developing an HPV tumor, which occurs when the person is infected with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A study in a hospital base case control and analysis within an inclusive cancer center was carried out. The objective was to assess whether periodontitis is related to the HPV status of HNSCC. In this study, HPV16 was found to be the most prevalent in every area of the neck and head. The research used a quantitative research methodology on 130 patients freshly diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer. Numerous variables were used in the study. The variables used included medical history, nutrition, and hygiene among others. Simple correlation analysis is used by the author in the measurement of dependent and independent variables. The results of the literature review to confirm that prolonged exposure to HPV is likely to cause the appearance of oropharyngeal cancer for several years. However, secondary factors like tobacco and alcohol were found likely to induce genomic instability and also that sexual behaviors could increase the risk of squamous cell carcinomas. The Oral cancer Foundation provides a review of detailed research on HPV. Essentially, there are more than 120 versions of HPV and that HPV-5 and HPV-11. The HPV versions are known to produce warts in various parts of the body mostly the hands and legs. It is noted that the transmission of HPV is simple as it can be transmitted through skin contact while some can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, the most prevalent being HPV-45, HPV-31, HPV-18 and HPV-16. These viruses are serious and can cause cancers. The review also highlights that the HPV also causes oral cancer alongside alcohol and tobacco which is supported by other researchers. The oral cancer has been found to be most prevalent in young white males and non-smokers. More information on this review indicates that people group bacteria and viruses together causing a misunderstanding. It gives a clear definition of the differences between viruses and bacteria in their different functional capabilities. This literature review explains the process by which a virus controls a cell and treatment of various viruses. This research is also backed by other authors in other literatures. It is also observed that the most cancer causing viruses are HPV-16 and HPV-18, and the best way for treatment is by using the laser method, conventional surgery and loop electrosurgical excision procedure.
